Biology week 1-4

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  1. A substance that an organism needs for growth and survival but cannot make for itself is referred to as a(n) ____.
b. nutrient
 

 

    

Question 2

In science, all results ____.​

 

a. are accepted as fact
b. are only hypotheses
c. have a probability of being incorrect
d.
​must be consistent with previous knowledge
 

 
 

 

 

   Question 3

Which of the following is a characteristic of all fungi?​

 

b. They break down food externally.

 

Question 4

The dynamics of an ecosystem depends on two main processes, which are ____.​

a. the cycling of energy and the unidirectional flow of nutrients​
b. the unidirectional flow of energy and the cycling of nutrients
c. the multidirectional flow of both energy and nutrients
d. the unidirectional flow of both energy and nutrients

 

Question 5

Why do scientists typically design experiments that will yield quantitative results?​

b. Quantitative results minimize the potential for bias.

 

Question 6

An ecosystem is made up of ____.​

b. organisms and nonliving things
 

 

    
  1. Who developed the two-part naming system scientists use today to classify newly found organisms?​
b. Carolus Linnaeus
 

 

    
     
  1. The current rate of extinctions is about ____ times faster than normal.​
c. 1000
 

 

 

    

Question 9

Taxonomists today tend to group organisms into the same category based on similar ____.​

d. biochemical traits
 

 

 

    

Question 10

In science, a theory is defined as ____.​

c.
​an explanation that is well documented and consistent with the evidence
 

 

    

The idea that Earth orbits the sun is referred to as ____ of the solar system, because of the scientist who first proposed it.​

d. the Copernican model
 

 

    

Question 12

Which of the following is a basic component of all of the others?​

 

a. cells​

 

13 Lipids, proteins, DNA, RNA, and complex carbohydrates are all ____.​

d. molecules
 

 

    

 

Question 14

The emergent property of “life” appears at the level of the ____, when many molecules become organized.​

d.cell cell
 

 

 

 Question 15

What practice helps scientists avoid bias in their findings?​

a. Designing experiments that other researchers will find difficult to replicate
b.
Performing experiments testing all circumstances​ at the same time
c.
​Reaching conclusions based on personal conviction
d.
​Avoiding questions that may be at odds with society’s moral standards

 

 
 

Question 16

What name is given to the scientific study of life?

d. biology
 

 

    

Question 17

Which of the following is the correct order of taxa from most inclusive to least inclusive?

 

a. domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species
 

 

    

Question 18

All known species belong to one of three domains. What are these domains?​

     
     
d. Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya
 

 

    

Question 19

The species extinctions taking place today are likely being caused by ____ activities.​

a. human
     
     
     
 

 

    

Question 20

Which organisms are single-celled and lack a nucleus?​

a. bacteria and archaea
b. fungi and bacteria
c. archaea and protists
d. fungi and archaea

 

 

​Question 1

​Transport proteins _____.

 

d. allow ions and polar molecules to cross the membrane

 

Question 2

Surface tension is an example of ____.​

 

d. Cohesion

 

Question 3

Cilia and flagella ____.

a. are found only in cells that are actively moving
b.
​are found only in sex cells and unicellular organisms
c. use motor proteins to induce movement
d. may also function as receptor sites for certain hormones
 

 

    

Question 4

Which organelle completes protein modifications and packages the protein for export?

 

b. Golgi body
     

Question 5

Carbon has an atomic number of 6. Carbon-14 has _____.​

c. 8 neutrons and 6 protons
     

Question 6

The structural formula for molecular oxygen is depicted as O=O. What kind of bond holds molecular oxygen together?​

d. double covalent
     

Question 7

Cell shape is reinforced by ____.

c. cytoskeletal filaments
     

Question 8

Eukaryotic cells have their DNA enclosed in the _____.

b. nucleus

Question 9

A nucleotide consists of ____.​

c. a five carbon sugar, a nitrogenous base, and a phosphate group
 

 

    

Question 10

Hydrophobic molecules are ____ water.​

c. repelled by
 

 

    

Question 11

Which organelle primarily functions in packaging cellular secretions for export from the cell?

a. Golgi body

Question 12

We can accurately determine the age of a rock or fossil by measuring its ____.​

d. isotope concentration
 

 

    

Question 13

Water molecules are attracted to one another because the ____.​

a. slightly positive charge of the hydrogen atom from one molecule of water attracts the slightly negative charge of the oxygen atom from another molecule
b. slightly negative charge of the hydrogen atom from one molecule of water attracts the slightly negative charge of the oxygen atom from another molecule
c. slightly positive charge of the hydrogen atom attracts the oxygen within the same molecule of water, which leads to an increase in its polarity​
d. water molecules participate in non-polar covalent bonds, which increase the attraction of the molecules to each other

Question 14

Sweating to keep cool in the summer is the result of ____.​

a. hydrogen bonds breaking to release energy​
b. hydrogen bonds forming, which requires energy
c. evaporation of water giving off energy
d. cohesion of water molecules giving off energy
     

Question 15

The endoplasmic reticulum is an extension of ____.

 

c. the nuclear envelope

Question 16

​Because the smooth ER does not contain ____, it cannot produce proteins.

c. ribosomes

Question 17

The nucleus of an atom contains ____.​

d.
​protons and neutrons
 

 

    

Question 18

What molecule would be considered a covalent compound?​

c. water (H2O)

Question 19

​According to cell theory, ____.

b. all cells come from preexisting cells

Question 20

Due to the molecular interactions between lipids and polar molecules, _____.

c. nonpolar lipids will not interact with water

 

  1. Which pair represents the correct complementary bonding of nitrogen containing bases in a DNA molecule?​

 

d. guanine and cytosine
 

 

    

Question 2

Which scientist(s) discovered the basis for the base-pair rule, which states that the amounts of thymine and adenine are always equal in all DNA molecules, as are the amounts of cytosine and guanine?​

c. Chargaff
 

 

    

Question 3

In a given strand of DNA, complementary bases are connected to each other by _____.​

c. hydrogen bonds
 

 

    

Question 4

Transcription _____.​

 

a. uses both strands of DNA as templates
b. uses the enzyme DNA polymerase
c. results in a double-stranded end product
d. produces three different types of RNA molecules

 

Question 5

The majority of DNA in a cell that has undergone differentiation is _____.​

c. turned off

Question 6

DNA varies from species to species in _____.​

 

d. the sequence of its base pairs
 

 

    

Question 7

Which process is responsible for the conversion of DNA information into messenger RNA?

b. transcription
 

 

 

    

Question 8

Which of the following processes is/are part of gene expression?

I. transduction
II. transcription
III. translation​
c. II and III  
 

 

      

Question 9

Amino acids are carried to ribosomes by____ RNA.​

a. template
b. messenger
c. transfer
d. ribosomal
 

 

    

Question 10

How many nucleotides comprise one codon?​

 

b. 3

 

Question 11

In animal cells, ____ is/are usually a one-way path.​

d. differentiation
 

 

    

Question 12

Rosalind Franklin’s research contribution was essential in _____.​

 

c. establishing most of the principal structural features of DNA

Question 13

The structure of a DNA molecule is analogous to a _____.​

b. ladder

Question 14

Which scientist(s) was the first to suggest that the proportion of adenine and guanine differs from one species to another?​

d. Chargaff
 

 

    

Question 15

A somatic cell is defined as a(n) _____.​

 

c. body cell
 

 

    

Question 16

Which enzyme unwinds the DNA during transcription?​

d. RNA polymerase

 

Question 17

The process by which cells become specialized during development is called _____.​

 

b. differentiation

Question 18

In the nucleotide sequence ACTGG, what does C stand for?​

c. cytosine

Question 19

DNA molecules contain protein coding sequences called _____.​

d. genes

 

Question 20

A gene is a DNA sequence that codes for a protein or _____ product.​

a. RNA

 

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